Underground mining methodsengineering fundamentals and. Underground mining methods previous next the choice of an underground mining method depends on a range of factors and these include. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. Mineral exploitation in which all the extraction is carried out beneath the surface of earth. Min f454 underground mining methods 3 credits underground mining methods for coal and noncoal deposits. The retreat mining methods have great variations in coal industry and have been extensively tested. The complete process is time consuming and expensive, requiring the use of modern technology and equipment, and may take many years to complete. In optimal planning of underground mines, there is a need for multiple scenarios to be evaluated in an efficient way and it is imperative to have a good procedure for this. Promethee together for selecting the most suitable mining method for the coka marin underground mine in serbia.
Ma1s701 underground mining of aggregates may 2010 ii executive summary objective this report examines the economic feasibility of underground mining for crushed rock aggregates in the uk, but particularly in the london, south east and east of england regions the south east area of england. Both methods are well suited to extracting the relatively flat coalbeds or coal seams typical of. Optimising underground mining strategies srk exploration. Although rock mechanics addresses many of the rock mechanics issues which arise in underground mining engineering, it is not a text exclusively for mining applications. Hustrulid is the author of open pit mine planning and design 4. General mine design considerations underground mining methods and applications general planning of the noncoal underground mine planning the underground mine on the basis of mining method cost estimating for underground mines mineral and metal prices. Typically, underground mine has less environmental impact. Engineering fundamentals and international case studies pre order p. Glossary of mining terminology after damp gasses resulting from underground combustion, normally carbon monoxide.
Nioshtic2 publications search 1787 analysis of large. Jun 30, 2001 underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. The immel mine the viburnum trend undergroundan overview pillar extraction and rock mechanics at the doe run company in missouri 1991. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Abstract underground mine scheduling decisionmaking has been based on production requirements, equipment. Engineering fundamentals and international case studies presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. Choosing a suitable underground mining method to extract a mineral deposit is very important in terms of economics, safety and productivity of mining operations. Underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and international case studies. Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. It is not an exact science and in the choice of a method each varying factor has a certain weight, which, in many cases, experience alone can determine. In the scoring approach, ten mining methods are considered for selection.
Solution mining includes both borehole mining, such as the methods used to extrac t sodium chloride or sulfur, and leaching, either through drillholes or in dumps or heap s on the surface. These are the methods techniques employed when the depth of the deposit,the stripping ratio of the overburden to ore,or both becomes excessive to surface exploitation. By the new stone age,humans had progressed to underground mining in systematic openings 2 to 3 ft 0. Reflecting the highly international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies presents the principles and techniques in use today. Thanks in large part to the efforts by john chadwick of the mining journal, and many other members of the mining community, the hard rock miners handbook has been distributed to over 1 countries worldwide. Mechanisms, instability, and trends roomandpillar mining of hard rock mining methodology and description. Aspects of mining methods selection in both, open pit and underground mining operations, depend on key environmental and economic factors including. An automatic fire detection system for underground air recirculation schemes r. Used by the mining industry as well as by universities and consultants around the world, the first edition has been a real success. Air shaft a vertical opening into a mine for the passage of air.
Mining method evaluation and dilution control in kittila mine. This is a loose term implying any fatal gas in a mine after an explosion or fire. Underground mine design, planning, and engineering increase project efficiency and productivity through rigorous mining method selection and use of advanced technology we have extensive global underground mine engineering and operating experience across most major commodities and mining methods. The abundance of minerals also provides a method of creating wealth. The report represents the views of nearly onehalf of the large underground mine operators in the united states regarding the technology and research needs of their industry. On the surface of an underground mine, a collar is required for a shaft or raise entry, while a portal refers to the entrance for an.
Guide to underground mining methods and applications hans. A new perimeter control blast design concept for underground metalnonmetal drifting applications stephen r. Because the sublevel caving method is widely used in various types of underground mines, we will focus on the blasting in sublevel caving in this chapter. Johnson department of health and human services centers for d isease control and prevention national institute for occupational safety and health. However, the principles in sublevel caving blasting are applicable to other underground mining methods. Hustulid, editor society of mining engineers 1982 1794 pages. Guide to underground mining methods and applications.
Underground mining method selection by decision making tools. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron. Cutoff grade and hauling cost varying with benches in open pit mining. In any discussion of methods of underground mining comparison, one is repeatedly confronted with the difficulty of dealing with so many variable conditions. Underground mining method references international mining. In room and pillar mining, approximately 50 percent of the coal is removed, using a continuous miner, from areas known as rooms. In order to work the underground rock mass, infrastructure is required for access to work places, ore production, power supply, transport of.
This paper was first presented at project evaluation conference, adelaide, south australia on 89 march 2016. Optimising underground mining strategies a m ebbels. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. A new model for mining method t selection of mineral deposit. Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using surface mining methods. Airway any passage in a mine along which an air current moves. This method is appropriate for extracting the flat layers 123. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and international case studies pdf. Underground mining method selection is one of the most important decisions that mining engineers have to make. Rock blasting in underground mining pdf free download. William a hustrulid w a hustrulid richard c bullock visitado hoy en 2017. A new, second edition of atlas copcos technical reference book mining methods in underground mining has been released. Purchase underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st edition.
Society for mining, metallurgy, and exploration, c2001. The related problem includes five possible mining methods and eleven criteria to evaluate them. Inclination of ore passes typically ranges from vertical to 30 degrees pariseau 1966, and cross sections may be square, rectangular, or circular. Underground mining methods handbook hustrulid, william a. The room and pillar method is one of the oldest and most common extraction methods in the underground mining that is usually used for coal mining. The report describes current practices for various mining methods, including block caving, room and pillar mining, in situ mining, and variations of these methods.
Underground mining methods glossary bolting drilling a hole, and inserting a bolt to strengthen the ceiling and walls of an underground mine crusher a machine used to crush ore before it is transported drift a horizontal underground tunnel that follows a vein or ore body. Pdf mining methods underground mining mayra garcia. Introduction of selfcontained self rescuers in south african mining industry r. Ore passes are underground conduits for the gravity transport of broken ore, waste rock, and fill from one level of a mine to a lower level. Includes design parameters, selection of mining methods, mine planning process, auxiliary operations and various underground mining methods. Geotechnical considerations in underground mining department of industry and resources guideline document no zme723qt 1. Coverage includes the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds as extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. It consists of five categories of topics on the science and practice of rock engineering.
The life cycle of a mineral deposit a teachers guide for. The first phase, completed in july, 1975, recommended four mining methods for the phase ii study. Implementing a production schedule at lkabs kiruna mine 126 interfaces342,pp. Jul 21, 2016 underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using surface mining methods. Mining industry response to the book continues to be incredible. Access optimisation tools in underground mine design. Techniques in underground mining download ebook pdf. Underground mining methods engineering fundamentals underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today.
Bullock, chapters 43, 46 and 47 give valuable indepth. Vast experience and successful progress have been accumulated at their two large underground mines at kiruna and malmberget in northern sweden by adopting slc as the predominant mining method the articles in the book underground mining methods, edited by william a. This limitation also exists in the choices and alternatives of selection. Click download or read online button to get techniques in underground mining book now. Underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st edition. The rest of the coal is left in place in the form of pillars that hold up the roof and prevent. The primary objective of underground mining is to extract ore safely and economically while minimizing handling of waste rock. Kiruna began its mining operations around 1900 using surface methods. Underground mine design, planning, and engineering srk. Ebook william a hustrulid w a hustrulid richard c bullock.
Nov 02, 2011 underground mining, underground mining methods. Underground mining fact sheet ohio department of natural resources division of mineral resources management dmrm minerals. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st. Nioshtic2 publications search 20021265 design of ore. With the experience from the underground mining and more rock mechanical and geological data, this thesis was conducted to study if there could be more cost effective method for mining the ore and how to reduce the dilution. This book presents the latest mining principles and techniques in use today. Mining method selection by integrated ahp and promethee method. These methods in the order of increasing operating costs are. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies. Types of underground mining underground mining for coal is conducted by either room and pillar mining or longwall mining. Engineering fundamentals and international case studies,sme, 293296. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are.
Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. Recommended ventilation techniques to be used in coal mines which are subjected to the adverse mining conditions of mine fires r. Criteria are accurately chosen in order to cover the most important parameters that impact on. The upward blastholes make it difficult to apply stemming. Description is limited to an introductory level and uses a basic lexicon which will be understandable for the junior mine geologists. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all ers of the world.
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